What are if-then plans, and do they work?

An if-then plan is a decision made in advance in a specific format: "If [situation], then I will [action]." Researchers call them implementation intentions, and across 94 independent tests they reliably improved goal attainment with a medium-to-large effect. The specificity is the mechanism.

Well established

Deciding what to do in the moment is the worst time to decide. Under craving, reasoning gets narrow and short-horizoned, and whatever is easiest wins. If-then plans move the decision to a moment when you can think.

"I'll resist when I get urges" is not a plan: it names no situation and no action. "If I'm still on my phone in bed after 11pm, then I'll put it on the desk and read the paperback on the nightstand" is a plan. It has a detectable trigger and a physical action, and because the cue itself retrieves the response, you are not generating a new decision under pressure.

Every then is a concrete physical action. "I'll calm down" is not one; "I'll leave the room" is. Build three, mapped to your three commonest patterns. Not ten. Three you will remember at 1am.

Where this comes from

Read the full lesson: If-then plans →

Sources and how strong they are (1)
  • Well establishedImplementation intentions - plans in the form "if situation X, then I will do Y" - reliably improve goal attainment. Across 94 independent tests the effect was d = .65, which the authors describe as medium-to-large.Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 38:69-119, doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38002-1

The app adds Panic.

One tap for the moment an urge hits, offline, and an evening check-in that turns lessons like this one into a plan for your own triggers. Free.

Coming to iOS and Android.

Get Nightshore
← All answersThe evidence register →